Saturday, May 31, 2014

Sentence: Kind of Sentence

Sentence :   KZ¸‡jv  Word  GK mv‡_ e‡m hLb g‡bi m¤ú~Y© fve cÖKvk
K‡i Zv‡K Sentence  e‡j|
            †hgb: Karim is a good boy.
Sentence cuvP cÖKvi | h_v :
          1. Assertive Sentence  (eY©bv g~jK evK¨)
          2. Interrogative Sentence  (cÖkœ †evaK evK¨)
          3. Imperative Sentence  (Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, AbyÁv m~PK evK¨)
          4. Optative Sentence  (Avkx©ev` m~PK evK¨)
          5. Exclamatory Sentence   ( we¯§q m~PK evK¨)
1.  Assertive Sentence  (eY©bv g~jK evK¨) : †h  Sentence G †Kvb
wee„wZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K  Assertive Sentence  e‡j |
            †hgb :  He reads a book .
                        I do not eat rice .
[wPbvi Dcvq t Assertive Sentence G mvavib fv‡e †Kvb wKQyi eY©bv _v‡K]
2. Interrogative Sentence  (cÖkœ †evaK evK¨)  :  †h Sentence Øviv †Kvb
cÖkœ wR‡Ám Kiv SzSvq Zv‡K  Interrogative  Sentence  e‡j |
            †hgb :  Does he go to school ?
                       Did he go to Dhaka ?
[wPbvi Dcvq t  Interrogative Sentence Gi †k‡l cÖkœ‡evaK wPý (?) _v‡K]
3. Imperative Sentence  (Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, AbyÁv m~PK  evK¨ ) :   †h 
Sentence Øviv †Kvb Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, Aby‡iva, cÖ¯Íve BZ¨vw` SzSvq Zv‡K  
Imperative  Sentence  e‡j | †hgb : Do the sum.
[ wPbvi Dcvq t Imperative Sentence- Verb ev Let  Øviv ïi“ nq]
 
                                                            Let me go now.
4. Optative Sentence  (Avkx©ev` m~PK evK¨)  : †h Sentence Øviv B”Qv,
AvKv•Lv, cÖv_©bv  BZ¨vw` cÖKvk cvq Zv‡K  Optative  Sentence  e‡j |
            †hgb :  May You be happy .
                        Live long our President .
[ wPbvi Dcvq t Optative Sentence - May Øviv ïi“ nq ]
5. Exclamatory Sentence   ( we¯§q m~PK evK¨)  :  †h Sentence Øviv
g‡bi Avb›`, `ytL, †e`bv BZ¨vw`  cÖKvk cvq  Zv‡K   Exclamatory 
Sentence  e‡j |
            †hgb :  How beautiful the girl is !
                        What a nice flower it is !

[ wPbvi Dcvq t Exclamatory Sentence - what ev How  Øviv ïi“ nq Ges †k‡l we¯§qm~PK wPý (!) _v‡K ]
Posted by DigitalMediaEdu on 1:03 AM  No comments »

Narration : Chainging of Narration


msMv t e³v hv e‡j ZvB speech ev narration ev (Dw³)|
cÖKvi t Speechev Narration `yB cÖKvi| h_v- 
            1. Direct speech (cÖZ¨¶ Dw³)        2. Indirect speech (c‡iv¶ Dw³)
1. Direct speech (cÖZ¨¶ Dw³) : hLb †Kvb e³e¨‡K cwie©Zb bv K‡i mivmwi †h fvlvq iƒcvšZi Kiv nq Zv‡K Direct speech (cÖZ¨¶ Dw³) e‡j| †hgb :  Shahida said, "I read a book".
2. Indirect speech (c‡iv¶ Dw³) : e³vi wb‡Ri K_v ûeyû e¨v³ bv K‡i Zvi e³e¨ A‡b¨i fvlvq
cªKvk Kiv‡K Indirect speech (c‡iv¶ Dw³) e‡j| †hgb:- Shahida said that she read a book.
Tense Abyhvqx speech  cwieZ©b Kivi wbqg :
1. Direct speech Gi Reporting Verb Present tense, Present Perfect tense ev Future tense
Gi n‡j  Reported speech Gi verb Gi tense ‡Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv, †Kej person cwieZ©b nq|
            Direct speech :  He  says, "I am ill".
            Indirect speech :  He says that he is ill.
2. Present Indefinite Tense cwiewZ©Z n‡q Past Indefinite Tense nq|
          Direct speech :  He said, " I write a letter"
            Indirect speech :  He said that he wrote a letter.
3. Present continuous Tense cwiewZ©Z n‡q past continuous Tense nq|
          Direct speech :  He said, " I am reading."
            Indirect speech :  He said that he was reading.
4. Present perfect cwiewZ©Z n‡q past perfect tense nq|
          Direct speech :  He said, " I have done my duty."
            Indirect speech :  He said that he had done his duty.
5. Present perfect continuous cwiewZ©Z n‡q past perfect continuous tense nq|
          Direct speech :  They said, " We have been working for two hours."
            Indirect speech :  They said that they had been working for two hours.

6. Past indefinite cwiewZ©Z n‡q past perfect tense nq|
          Direct speech :  He said, " I wrote a letter."
            Indirect speech :  He said that he had written a letter.
7. Future tense G shell/will cwiewZ©Z n‡q should/would Ges may cwiewZ©Z n‡q might, can cwiewZ©Z n‡q could nq|
          Direct speech :  Refat said, " I shall do the work."
            Indirect speech :  Refat said that he would do the work.
8. Person Abyhvqx speech cwieZ©b :
            (i) Reported speech Gi AšÍM©Z First person me©`v Reporting verb Gi subject Gi person Abyhvqx cwiewZ©Z nq|
          Direct speech :  He said to me, " I have done my duty."
            Indirect speech :  He said to me that he had done his duty.
          (ii) Second person object Abyhvqx cwiewZ©Z nq|
          Direct speech :  He said to me, " you have done your duty."
            Indirect speech :  He said to me that I had done my duty.
          (iii) Reported speech G Third person Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|
          Direct speech :  I said to you, " He has done his duty."

            Indirect speech :  I said to you that he had done his duty.
Posted by DigitalMediaEdu on 1:00 AM  No comments »

Friday, May 30, 2014

Tense: Future Tense


 Future Tense (fwel¨r Kvj)

1| Future Tense :  †h me Verb Øviv fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR n‡e eySvq Zv‡`i‡K  Future Tense e‡j| †hgb t   I shall help you - Avwg ‡Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ Kie|

Future Tense  Pvi cÖKvi t h_v -
1)  Future Indefinite Tense - mvavib fwel¨r Kvj
2)  Future Continuous Tense - NUgvb fwel¨r Kvj
3)  Future Perfect Tense - cyivNwUZ fwel¨r Kvj
4)  Future Perfect Continuous Tense - cyivNwUZ NUgvb fwel¨r Kvj


1)  Future Indefinite Tense (mvavib fwel¨r Kvj) t fwel¨r Kv‡ji †Kvb KvR n‡e eySv‡j,  
      Zv‡K Future Indefinite Tense e‡j|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l Kiwe, Kie, Ki‡e, Ki‡eb  BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + shall/will + g~j Verb Gi Present iƒc + Object (Ab¨vb¨)
‡hgb t
K)  I shall eat rice - Avwg fvZ Lve|
L)  He will sings a song - †m Mvb MvB‡e|
M)  They will help you -  Zviv †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
N)  I shall write letter - Avwg GKwU wPwV wjLe|

2)  Future Continuous Tense (NUgvb fwel¨r Kvj) t †Kvb KvR fwel¨r Kv‡j wKQy mgq a‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e Giƒc eySv‡j Zv‡K Future Continuous Tense e‡j|


‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l Ki‡Z _vK‡e, Ki‡Z _vKe, Ki‡Z _vK‡eb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + shall be/will be + g~j Verb Gi m‡½ ing + Object (Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  They will be running -  Zviv ‡`Šov‡Z _vK‡e|
L)   I shall be playing - Avwg †Lj‡Z _vKe|
M)  we will be playing football in the field -  Zviv gv‡V dzUej †Lj‡Z _vK‡e|
N)  He will be writing a letter -†m GKwU wPwV wjL‡Z _vK‡e|

3)  Future perfect Tense (cyivNwUZ fwel¨r Kvj) t fwel¨r Kv‡j GKwU KvR †kl n‡e ev
      fwel¨Z Kv‡j †Kvb GKwU KvR †kl nevi c~‡e© Aci GKwU KvR †kl nIqv eySv‡j Zv‡K Future
      perfect Tense e‡j|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l K‡i _vKe, K‡i _vK‡e, K‡i _vK‡eb BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + shall have/will have + g~j Verb Gi p.p. + Object +(Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  The sun will have risen before I  set out -  Avwg ‡ei nevi Av‡M m~h© DV‡e|
L)   I shall have finished the book before you arrive - Zzwg Avmvi c~‡e©B Avwg eBwU c‡o †dje|
            M)   I shall have returned home before you come - Zzwg Avmvi c~‡e©B Avwg evox †cŠQe|

4)  Future perfect Continuous Tense (cyivNwUZ NUgvb fwel¨Z Kvj) t  ‡Kvb GKwU
      fwel¨r KvR Aci GKwU fwel¨r KvR Avi¤¢ nIqvi Av‡M wKQy mgq  a‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡j Zv
      Future perfect Continuous Tense nq|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t fwel¨‡Z GKwU Kv‡Ri c~‡e© wKQy mgq a‡i Ki‡Z _vKe, Ki‡Z _vK‡e, Ki‡Z _vK‡eb
      BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + shall have  been/will have been + g~j Verb + ing + Object             + (Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  I shall have been reading a book  - Avwg GKwU eB co‡Z _vKe|
L)  Rana will have been writing a letter  - ivbv GKwU wPwV wjL‡Z _vK‡e|
M)  I shall have been reading this book for two hours - Avwg`yB N›Uv hver G eBwU co‡Z _vKe|


Posted by DigitalMediaEdu on 11:59 PM  No comments »

Tense: Past Tense

Past Tense (AZxZ Kvj)

1| Past Tense :  †h me Verb Øviv AZxZ Kv‡j †Kvb KvR msNwVZ n‡qwQj ev N‡UwQj Giƒc eySv‡j Zv‡`i‡K  Past Tense e‡j| †hgb t   I ate rice - Avwg fvZ †L‡qwQ|

Past Tense  Pvi cÖKvi t h_v -
1)  Past Indefinite Tense - mvavib AZxZ Kvj
2)  Past Continuous Tense - NUgvb AZxZ Kvj
3)  Past Perfect Tense - cyivNwUZ AZxZ Kvj
4)  Past Perfect Continuous Tense - cyivNwUZ NUgvb AZxZ Kvj

1)  Past Indefinite Tense (mvavib AZxZ Kvj) t AZxZ Kv‡ji †Kvb KvR m¤úbœ n‡qwQj wKš‘
      Zvi dj eZ©gv‡b †bB Giƒc eySv‡j Past Indefinite Tense e‡j|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l Kijvg, K‡iwQj, Ki‡j, Ki‡jb, KiZvg, KiZ, Ki‡Zb
      BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + g~j Verb Gi Past iƒc + Object.

‡hgb t
K)  I ate rice - Avwg fvZ †L‡qwQ|
L)  I went to school yesterday - Avwg MZKvj ¯‹z‡j wM‡qwQjvg|
M)  Father came home yesterday -  evev MZKvj evox wd‡iwQ‡jb|
N)  We met him yesterday - Avgiv MZKvj Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡iwQjvg|


2)  Past Continuous Tense (NUgvb AZxZ Kvj) t AZxZ Kv‡ji †Kvb KvR wKQy mgq a‡i
      PjwQj Giƒc eySv‡j Zv‡K Past Continuous Tense e‡j|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l †ZwQj, Ki‡ZwQ‡j, †ZwQwj, †ZwQ‡jb, †ZwQjvg, w”Qj,
      w”Qjvg, w”Q‡j, w”Q‡jb BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|


NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + was/were + g~j Verb Gi m‡½ ing + Object (Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  She was writing a letter - ‡m GKwU wPwV wjL‡ZwQj|
L)  They were swimming in the pond - Zviv cyKz‡i mvZvi KvU‡ZwQj|
M)  we were reading a book -  Avgiv GKwU eB co‡ZwQjvg|

3)  Past perfect Tense (cyivNwUZ AZxZ Kvj) t AZxZ Kv‡ji msNwUZ `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ Av‡M
      msNwUZ KvRwU Verb -Gi Past perfect Tense nq Ges c‡i msNwUZ KvRwU Verb - Gi
      Past Indefinite Tense nq|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t †Kvb wbwÏó AZxZ NUbvi Av‡M K‡iwQjvg, K‡iwQwj, K‡iwQ‡j, K‡iwQj, K‡iwQ‡jb
      BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + had + g~j Verb Gi p.p. + Object (Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  I had reached home before it rained - e„wó ïi“ nIqvi Av‡MB Avwg evox †cŠQjvg|
L)  The patient had died before the doctor came - Wv³vi Avmvi c~‡e© †ivMx gviv †Mj|
M)  The patient died after the doctor had come - Wv³vi Avmvi ci †ivMx gviv †Mj|

[Note: before -Gi c~‡e© Ges after Gi c‡i Past perfect Tense nq|]

4)  Past perfect Continuous Tense (cyivNwUZ NUgvb AZxZ Kvj) t  AZxZ Kv‡ji `ywU
      Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ GKwUi Av‡M Ab¨wU wKQy Kvj a‡i nw”Qj Giƒc eySv‡j †h KvRwU Av‡M nw”Qj Zv
      Verb Gi Past perfect Continuous Tense nq|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t †Kvb wbwÏó AZxZ NUbvi c~‡e© AZxZ mgq a‡i KiwQj, KiwQ‡j, KiwQ‡jb BZ¨vw` nq|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + had  been + g~j Verb + ing + Object (Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  I had been reading a book before  you came  - Zzwg Avmvi c~‡e© Avwg GKwU eB cowQjvg|
L)  I had been trying to get my father on the phone -  Avwg Avgvi evev‡K †dv‡b †c‡Z †Póv KiwQjvg|
M)  She had been suffering from fever since yesterday - MZKvj n‡Z †m R¡‡i fyM‡ZwQj|
N)  I had been reading for two hours - Avwg `yB N›Uv hver co‡ZwQjvg|


Posted by DigitalMediaEdu on 11:56 PM  No comments »

Tense: Present Tense


msMv t Verb Gi †h me iƒc Øviv KvR m¤úv`b Kiv eySvq Zv‡K Tense (Kvj) e‡j|     

Tense wZb cÖKvi t h_v -
1)  Present Tense - eZ©gvb Kvj
2)  Past Tense - AZxZ Kvj

3)  Future Tense - fwel¨Z Kvj

Present Tense (eZ©gvb Kvj)


1| Present Tense :  †h me Verb Øviv eZ©gv‡b †Kvb KvR nq ev nB‡Z‡Q ev n‡”Q Giƒc eySv‡j Zv‡`i‡K Present Tense e‡j| †hgb t   I eat rice - Avwg fvZ LvB|

Present Tense  Pvi cÖKvi t h_v -
1)  Present Indefinite Tense - mvavib eZ©gvb Kvj
2)  Present Continuous Tense - NUgvb eZ©gvb Kvj
3)  Present Perfect Tense - cyivNwUZ eZ©gvb Kvj
4)  Present Perfect Continuous Tense - cyivNwUZ NUgvb eZ©gvb Kvj


1)  Present Indefinite Tense (mvavib eZ©gvb Kvj) t eZ©gvb Kv‡ji †Kvb KvR ev NUbv ,
      wPišÍb mZ¨, HwZnvwmK NUbv BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Ki‡j Zv‡K Present Indefinite Tense e‡j|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l Kwi, Kwim, Ki, K‡ib, hvB, hvI, hvb, LvB, LvI, Lvq, Lvb
      BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + g~j Verb Gi Present iƒc + Object.

‡hgb t
K)  I eat rice - Avwg fvZ LvB|
L)  He sings a song - †m Mvb Mvq|
M)  The sun rises in the east - m~h© c~e© w`‡K D‡V|
N)  She looks beautiful - Zv‡K my›`i †`Lv‡”Q|

2)  Present Continuous Tense (NUgvb eZ©gvb Kvj) t eZ©gvb Kv‡ji †Kvb KvR GK bvMv‡o  
      N‡U hv‡”Q eySv‡j Zv‡K Present Continuous Tense e‡j|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l wQ, Q, †Q, †Qb BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + am/is/are + g~j Verb Gi m‡½ ing + Object (Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  I am eating rice - Avwg fvZ LvB‡ZwQ|
L)  He is singing a song - †m Mvb MvB‡Z‡Q|
M)  we are reading a book -  Avgiv GKwU eB cowQ|
N)  He is writing a letter -†m GKwU wPwV wjL‡Q|


3)  Present perfect Tense (cyivNwUZ eZ©gvb Kvj) t eZ©gvb Kv‡ji †Kvb KvR GB gvÎ †kl
      n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi dj GLbI eZ©gvb Av‡Q Giƒc eySv‡j Zv‡K Present perfect Tense e‡j|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l B‡qwQ, B‡qQ, B‡q‡Qb, B‡q‡Q BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + have/has + g~j Verb Gi p.p. + Object (Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  I have done the sum - Avwg AsKwU K‡iwQ|
L)  He has gone to school - †m ¯‹z‡j wM‡q‡Q|

4)  Present perfect Continuous Tense (cyivNwUZ NUgvb eZ©gvb Kvj) t  †Kvb KvR AZxZ
      Kvj n‡Z Avi¤¢ n‡q eZ©gvb Kvj ch©šÍ Pwj‡Z‡Q eySv‡j Zv Present perfect Continuous
      Tense nq|

‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l wKQy mgq a‡i KiwQ, KiQ, K‡iQ, K‡i‡Qb  n‡q _v‡K|

NUb cÖYvjx t  Subject + have  been/has been + g~j Verb + ing + Object (Ab¨vb¨)

‡hgb t
K)  I have been reading in this school - Avwg GB ¯‹z‡j cowQ|
L)  We have been playing football for two hours - Avgiv `yÕN›Uv hver dzUej †LjwQ|
M)  She has been suffering from fever since yesterday - MZKvj n‡Z †m R¡‡i fyM‡Q|
Posted by DigitalMediaEdu on 11:47 PM  No comments »

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