Past Tense (AZxZ Kvj)
1| Past Tense
: †h me Verb Øviv AZxZ Kv‡j †Kvb KvR msNwVZ
n‡qwQj ev N‡UwQj Giƒc eySv‡j Zv‡`i‡K Past Tense e‡j| †hgb t I ate
rice - Avwg fvZ
†L‡qwQ|
Past
Tense Pvi cÖKvi t h_v -
1) Past
Indefinite Tense
- mvavib AZxZ Kvj
2) Past
Continuous Tense - NUgvb AZxZ Kvj
3) Past Perfect Tense - cyivNwUZ AZxZ Kvj
4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense - cyivNwUZ NUgvb AZxZ Kvj
1) Past Indefinite Tense (mvavib AZxZ Kvj) t AZxZ Kv‡ji †Kvb KvR m¤úbœ
n‡qwQj wKš‘
Zvi dj eZ©gv‡b
†bB Giƒc eySv‡j Past Indefinite Tense e‡j|
‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l Kijvg, K‡iwQj, Ki‡j, Ki‡jb, KiZvg,
KiZ, Ki‡Zb
BZ¨vw` n‡q
_v‡K|
NUb cÖYvjx t Subject + g~j Verb
Gi Past iƒc + Object.
‡hgb t
K) I ate
rice - Avwg fvZ
†L‡qwQ|
L) I
went to school yesterday - Avwg MZKvj ¯‹z‡j wM‡qwQjvg|
M) Father
came home yesterday - evev MZKvj evox wd‡iwQ‡jb|
N) We
met him yesterday - Avgiv MZKvj Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡iwQjvg|
2) Past Continuous Tense (NUgvb AZxZ Kvj) t AZxZ Kv‡ji †Kvb KvR wKQy mgq
a‡i
PjwQj Giƒc
eySv‡j Zv‡K Past Continuous Tense e‡j|
‡Pbvi Dcvq t evsjv wµqv c‡`i †k‡l †ZwQj, Ki‡ZwQ‡j, †ZwQwj, †ZwQ‡jb,
†ZwQjvg, w”Qj,
w”Qjvg, w”Q‡j,
w”Q‡jb BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|
NUb cÖYvjx t Subject + was/were + g~j Verb Gi m‡½ ing + Object (Ab¨vb¨)
‡hgb t
K) She
was writing a letter - ‡m GKwU wPwV wjL‡ZwQj|
L) They
were swimming in the pond - Zviv cyKz‡i mvZvi KvU‡ZwQj|
M) we were
reading a book - Avgiv GKwU eB co‡ZwQjvg|
3) Past perfect Tense (cyivNwUZ AZxZ Kvj) t AZxZ Kv‡ji msNwUZ `ywU
Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ Av‡M
msNwUZ KvRwU Verb -Gi Past perfect
Tense nq Ges c‡i
msNwUZ KvRwU Verb - Gi
Past Indefinite Tense nq|
‡Pbvi Dcvq t †Kvb wbwÏó AZxZ NUbvi Av‡M K‡iwQjvg, K‡iwQwj, K‡iwQ‡j,
K‡iwQj, K‡iwQ‡jb
BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K|
NUb cÖYvjx t Subject + had + g~j Verb
Gi p.p. + Object (Ab¨vb¨)
‡hgb t
K) I
had reached home before it rained - e„wó ïi“ nIqvi Av‡MB Avwg evox †cŠQjvg|
L) The
patient had died before the doctor came - Wv³vi Avmvi c~‡e© †ivMx gviv †Mj|
M) The
patient died after the doctor had come - Wv³vi Avmvi ci †ivMx gviv †Mj|
[Note: before -Gi
c~‡e© Ges after Gi c‡i Past perfect Tense nq|]
4) Past perfect Continuous Tense (cyivNwUZ NUgvb AZxZ Kvj) t AZxZ Kv‡ji `ywU
Kv‡Ri g‡a¨
GKwUi Av‡M Ab¨wU wKQy Kvj a‡i nw”Qj Giƒc eySv‡j †h KvRwU Av‡M nw”Qj Zv
Verb Gi Past perfect
Continuous Tense
nq|
‡Pbvi Dcvq t †Kvb wbwÏó AZxZ NUbvi c~‡e© AZxZ mgq a‡i KiwQj, KiwQ‡j, KiwQ‡jb BZ¨vw`
nq|
NUb cÖYvjx t Subject + had
been + g~j
Verb + ing + Object (Ab¨vb¨)
‡hgb t
K) I had
been reading a book before you came - Zzwg Avmvi c~‡e© Avwg GKwU eB cowQjvg|
L) I
had been trying to get my father on the phone -
Avwg Avgvi evev‡K †dv‡b †c‡Z †Póv
KiwQjvg|
M) She had been suffering from fever since yesterday - MZKvj n‡Z †m R¡‡i fyM‡ZwQj|
N) I
had been reading for two hours - Avwg `yB N›Uv hver co‡ZwQjvg|
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